Why Do We Believe Crazy Stuff About the Civil War, Slavery, and Reconstruction?

George Huffman has an interesting article in Facing South on the miseducation of tens of millions of Americans in the South about our country’s history. This is not a scholarly article, but it looks at the political influences from “Confederate Heritage” groups like the United Daughters of the Confederacy on how history was taught. You should follow the link above to read the whole article, but here is an excerpt:

Where does it come from, the ignorance that has been on display of late? In the college-age photos of white men, now elected officials, in blackface? In the simulated Klan lynchings for yearbook laughs? In mischaracterizations of black slaves as “indentured servants?” In the denials that slavery was the central cause of the Civil War?

One answer is: from the 69,706,756.

That’s how many students were enrolled in the South’s public elementary and secondary schools between 1889, when the government began counting students, and 1969, the height of the segregationist Jim Crow era, according to the U.S. Department of Education statistics. There they were subjected to the alternative reality of the Lost Cause, a false version of U.S. history developed in response to Reconstruction that minimizes slavery’s central role in the Civil War, promotes the Confederacy’s aim as a heroic one, glorifies the Ku Klux Klan, and portrays the white South as the victim.

The poisonous Lost Cause lessons were taught to multiple generations of Southerners to uphold institutionalized white supremacy — in part through public school curriculums shaped by the United Daughters of the Confederacy (UDC). More famous these days for their controversial Confederate monuments, the UDC had an almost singular focus on making sure the Lost Cause propaganda was so ingrained in the minds of Southern youth that it would be perpetual. Their most effective tool? School textbooks.

The constitution of the UDC’s North Carolina Division, for example, said the group aimed to insure that “the portion of American history relating to [the Civil War] shall be properly taught in the public schools of the State, and to use its influence towards this object in all private schools.” That barebones concept was given flesh by Division President Mrs. I.W. Faison, at the group’s annual convention in Wilmington, North Carolina, in 1909:

We must see that the correct history is taught our children and train them, not in hatred towards the North who differed from us, but in knowledge of true history of the South in the war between the States and the causes that led up to the war, so that they will be able to state facts and prove that they are right in the principles for which their fathers fought and died; and continue to preserve and defend their cause, until the whole civilized world will come to know that our cause was just and right. … There is an expression often used by our people as the “Lost Cause.” Let us forget such, for it is not the truth. …No, our cause was not lost because it was not wrong. 

A few years earlier, national UDC President Mrs. James A. Rounsaville put it this way at the group’s annual convention in Charleston, South Carolina:

It has ever been the cherished purpose of the Daughters of the Confederacy to secure greater educational opportunities for Confederate children, and by thorough training of their powers of mind, heart and hand, render it possible for these representatives of our Southern race to retain for that race its supremacy in its own land.

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