Author: Patrick Young
Federal Courts Were Given the Power to Enforce the Civil Rights Act of 1866 Because the State Courts Wouldn’t
This is the fourth article in our Deep Dive into the Civil Rights Act of 1866. We have already seen that the 1866 Act made…
Civil Rights Act of 1866: Criminal Penalties for Violating the Rights of Blacks
This is the third installment of our Deep Dive into the Civil Rights Act of 1866. Section 1 of the Act was the enduring Citizenship…
1866 Civil Rights Act Deep Dive: The Citizenship Clause Established that Those Born in U.S. Are Citizens
This week I am taking a close look at the 1866 Civil Rights Act. This was our first Federal civil rights act barring many forms…
Reconstruction of Native Americans After the Civil War
Alexandra Stern is a doctoral candidate in American History at Stanford University doing research on Native Americans during the Civil War and Reconstruction. She is…
The Grand Review of the Union Army at the End of the Civil War
A friendly librarian, Edana from Patchogue on Long Island, sent me along this page from the Library of Congress on the Grand Review in Washington…
Why the Civil Rights Act of 1866 is a Big Deal
On March 13, 1866 the House of Representatives passed the First Civil Rights bill. It had been passed by the Senate in February. Imagine that….
Video Lecture: The Rise of the Southern Conservative Response to Reconstruction and the Klu Klux Klan
Professor Robert Kenzer of the University of Richmond gives a lecture on the “rise of the Southern conservative response and the Klu Klux Klan.” Very…
Calls for Reparative Justice for Slavery Began Soon After the End of the Civil War
The hearing this week in the House of Representatives on reparations for slavery was perhaps the most widely reported on event of the Reconstruction Sesquicentenial….
Documenting the Start of the Freedmen’s Bureau: “An Act to establish a Bureau…”
Although black refugees began arriving in Union camps as early as the summer of 1861 and Emancipation for 3/4 of all slaves had been declared…
Video Lectures: “The Road from Appomattox: Political Violence, Military Conflict, and National Reunion”
On February 20, 2016 the Library of Virginia hosted The Road From Appomattox Symposium. C-SPAN posted some of the lectures, so I thought a post…









