The letters of Thomas Jefferson Withers to James Hammond are a source for finding out the attitudes of elite Southern men before the Civil War. James Hammond would become governor of South Carolina and later the state’s senator. Although he was born to the middling class, he soon rose to economic and political power. In the 1850s, he became one of the leading secessionists in the South. As with many men in the South, Withers and Hammond engaged in bisexual relationships as young men. In later life, Hammond would marry a woman and engage in sexual relationships with three of Wade Hampton’s teenaged sisters, as well as with female Black slaves. As the Confederacy neared defeat at the end of the Civil War, Hammond made sure to hide his grave from Sherman’s men as they marched through his state!
Columbia, South Carolina
May 15, 1826
Dear Jim:
I got your Letter this morning about 8 o’clock, from the hands of the Bearer . . . I was sick as the Devil, when the Gentleman entered the Room, and have been so during most of the day. About 1 o’clock I swallowed a huge mass of Epsom Salts – and it will not be hard to imagine that I have been at dirty work since. I feel partially relieved – enough to write a hasty dull letter.
I feel some inclination to learn whether you yet sleep in your Shirt-tail, and whether you yet have the extravagant delight of poking and punching a writhing Bedfellow with your long fleshen pole – the exquisite touches of which I have often had the honor of feeling? Let me say unto thee that unless thou changest former habits in this particular, thou wilt be represented by every future Chum as a nuisance. And, I pronounce it, with good reason too. Sir, you roughen the downy Slumbers of your Bedfellow – by such hostile – furious lunges as you are in the habit of making at him – when he is least prepared for defence against the crushing force of a Battering Ram. Without reformation my imagination depicts some awful results for which you will be held accountable – and therefore it is, that I earnestly recommend it. Indeed it is encouraging an assault and battery propensity, which needs correction – & uncorrected threatens devastation, horror & bloodshed, etc. . . .
With great respect I am the old
Stud,
Jeff
September 24, 1826
My dear Friend,
. . . Your excellent Letter of 13 June [untraced] arrived . . . a few weeks since . . . . Here, where anything like a systematic course of thought, or of reading, is quite out of the question – such system leaves no vacant, idle moments of painful vacuity, which invites a whole Kennel of treacherous passions to prey upon one’s vitals . . . the renovation of spirit which follows the appearance of a friend’s Letter – the diagram of his soul – is like a grateful shower from the cooling fountains of Heaven to reanimate drooping Nature. Whilst your letters are Transcripts of real – existing feeling, and are on that account peculiarly welcome – they at the same time betray too much honesty of purpose not to strike an harmonious chord in my mind. I have only to regret that, honesty of intention and even assiduity in excition [execution?] are far from being the uniform agents of our destiney [sic] here – However it must, at best, be only an a priori argument for us to settle the condemnation of the world, before we come in actual contact with it. This task is peculiarly appropriate to the acrimony of old age – and perhaps we had as well defer it, under the hope that we may reach a point, when ’twill be all that we can do —
I fancy, Jim, that your elongated protuberance – your fleshen pole – your [two Latin words; indecipherable] – has captured complete mastery over you – and I really believe, that you are charging over the pine barrens of your locality, braying, like an ass, at every she-male you can discover. I am afraid that you are thus prostituting the “image of God” and suggest that if you thus blasphemously essay to put on the form of a Jack – in this stead of that noble image – you will share the fate of Nebuchadnazzer of old. I should lament to hear of you feeding upon the dross of the pasture and alarming the country with your vociferations. The day of miracles may not be past, and the flaming excess of your lustful appetite may drag down the vengeance of supernal power. – And you’ll “be damn-d if you don’t marry”? – and felt a disposition to set down and gravely detail me the reasons of early marriage. But two favourable ones strike me now – the first is, that Time may grasp love so furiously as totally [?] to disfigure his Phiz. The second is, that, like George McDuffie [a politician], he may have the hap-hazzard of a broken backbone befal him, which will relieve him from the performance of affectual family-duty – & throw over the brow of his wife, should he chance to get one, a most foreboding gloom – As to the first, you will find many a modest good girl subject to the same inconvenience – and as to the second, it will only superinduce such domestic whirlwinds, as will call into frequent exercise rhetorical displays of impassioned Eloquence, accompanied by appropriate and perfect specimens of those gestures which Nature and feeling suggest. To get children, it is true, fulfills a department of social & natural duty – but to let them starve, or subject them to the alarming hazard of it, violates another of a most important charzacter. This is the dilemma to which I reduce you – choose this day which you will do.
SOURCE: The letters are among the Hammond Papers, South Caroliniana Library, Columbus, SC, and were first printed by Martin Duberman in his article “‘Writhing Bedfellows’ in Angebellum South Carolnina,” in the Journal of Homosexuality (Fall/Winter, 1980-81), and subsequently reprinted several times.
Feature Illustration: James Henry Hammond
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You mean to say, ‘as with many men in the era across many societies and locations…engaged in bisexual acts with men’, or words to that effect as above, I take it.